中華民國空軍如果要發展軍用無人機,無論是在偵查,或是海岸巡防,最佳而且最快得作法不是設計一堆全新的無人機與對岸競爭,而是選擇一些現成市場上的輕航機,然後將其轉變整合成特定任務用的無人機,這種機體已經經過市場檢驗,性能有確實數據可以證明,只要把相關無線電與偵蒐設備裝置到飛機上,就可以開始執行任務了。不管是當誘餌,或是實際拿去偵查,都可以即刻投入服役,大幅度縮短時程,與研發經費。
煩請三軍將校們依此邏輯三思,建議中科院航空所改變策略已修改現有輕航機來滿足任務需求。
列出兩架飛機參考
Cirrus SR-22
https://cirrusaircraft.com/aircraft/sr22/
General characteristics
Crew: one
Capacity: four passengers
Length: 26 ft 0 in (7.92 m)
Wingspan: 38 ft 4 in (11.68 m)
Height: 8 ft 11 in (2.72 m)
Airfoil: Roncz
Empty weight: 2,269 lb (1,029 kg)
Gross weight: 3,600 lb (1,633 kg)
Fuel capacity: 92 US gallons (348 litres)
Powerplant: 1 × Continental IO-550-N Six cylinder horizontally opposed aircraft engine, 310 hp (230 kW)
Propellers: 3-bladed
Performance
Cruise speed: 183 kn (211 mph, 339 km/h)
Stall speed: 60 kn (69 mph, 110 km/h) flaps down
Range: 1,049 nmi (1,207 mi, 1,943 km) with reserves at 65% power
Service ceiling: 17,500 ft (5,300 m)
Rate of climb: 1,270 ft/min (6.5 m/s)
Pipistel Sinus 912
https://www.pipistrel-aircraft.com/aircraft/gliding/sinus/
General characteristics
Crew: one
Capacity: one passenger
Length: 6.60 m (21 ft 8 in)
Wingspan: 14.97 m (49 ft 1 in)
Height: 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Wing area: 12.26 m2 (132.0 sq ft)
Aspect ratio: 18.3
Empty weight: 285 kg (628 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 450 or 472.5 or 600 kg (992 or 1,042 or 1,323 lb)
Fuel capacity: 60 litres (13 imp gal; 16 US gal) or 100 litres (22 imp gal; 26 US gal)
Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912 UL2 , 4-cylinder, 4-stroke liquid-cooled engine, 60 kW (80 hp)
Propellers: 2-bladed , variable pitch, Pipistrel VARIO
Performance
Maximum speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
Cruise speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn) at 75% power
Stall speed: 66 km/h (41 mph, 36 kn) without flaps
Never exceed speed: 225 km/h (140 mph, 121 kn)
Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi)
Endurance: 5.8 hours
Service ceiling: 8,800 m (28,900 ft)
g limits: +4, -2
Maximum glide ratio: 27:1
Rate of climb: 6.5 m/s (1,280 ft/min)
General characteristics
Crew: two
Length: 7.60 m (24 ft 11 in)
Wingspan: 9.68 m (31 ft 9 in)
Height: 2.56 m (8 ft 5 in)
Wing area: 13.5 m2 (145 sq ft)
Gross weight: 650 kg (1,433 lb)
Useful load: 250kg (556 lbs)
Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912 F2 , 73.5 kW (98 hp)
Performance
Maximum speed: 194 km/h (121 mph, 105 kn)
Cruise speed: 187 km/h (116 mph, 101 kn)
Service ceiling: 4,100 m (13,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 4.3 m/s (840 ft/min)
舉幾個重要應用與特性
1. 匿蹤性 ,無人機與超輕型飛機多半由FRP材料製造,在雷達是基本是匿蹤的,所以要執行戰場偵察任務,並不容易被中國沿岸雷達偵知。
2. 如果掛上角反射器,故意讓他被雷達探測到,還可以吸引防空飛彈的射擊,在飽和攻擊的同時,可以吸引部分飛彈,讓主攻的飛機與飛彈可以減少耗損,或是暴露出防空飛彈的雷達位置與飛彈發射車位置。
3. 電戰作戰,可以攜帶雷達干擾器材,干擾所有雷達,以利任務執行,這種飛機即是被飛彈打掉也沒有太多損失
4. 訊號中繼作業,對於海軍,視距外的攻擊經常需要訊號中繼,無人機攜帶通訊設備當作訊號中繼對海軍而至關重要,所以一個可以充當訊號中繼的無人機也是非常重要的設備。
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